Part of the irony of this situation is that Osmond accuses Isabel of sabotaging the engagement and she denies it, despite the fact that she has sabotaged it, just for reasons completely counter to what Osmond suspects. The irony comes through in the following passage when Osmond accuses Isabel of “working against” him and she has trouble figuring out how to respond: Doesn’t know what is going on in the country she is Queen in - “The thane of Fife had a wife where is she now?”. There is a sense of innocence in her words, which invokes pathos. Tis safer to be that…doubtful joy → oxymoron; she remarks that it would be better to be dead than to live unhappily Use of euphemisms “assassination”, “surcease”, “this blow”, “these cases”, “the deed”, “taking-off”, “my intent”.

In Macbeth, how does the line “a little water clears of us

Even Macbeth’s mind is revolting against him “When all that is within him does condemn itself for being there”. This heightens the pathos. O gentle lady, / 'Tis not for you to hear what I can speak. / The repetition in a woman's ear / Would murder as it fell”? Delirious, shaken by the moral weight of the acts she has urged Macbeth to commit → “More needs she the divine than the physician.” In an example of situational irony, near the end of the novel Osmond believes that Isabel is trying to stop Pansy’s engagement to Lord Warburton because she is jealous, when really she is trying to save Pansy from marrying a man who is using Pansy to get to Isabel. Mine eternal jewel…common enemy of men → christian belief that soul is most precious commodity; by committing sin of murder he has given his soul to Satan; shows awareness that his actions are not good; tragic herofor the poor wren, the most diminutive of birds, will fight, her young ones in her nest, against the owl” → criticising Macduff for fleeing to England by contrasting him against a wren. Satire, the personal wheelhouse of Vonnegut and Heller, is not only a highbrow version of sarcasm, it is also heavy on the irony. Macbeth’s obsession with power is shown “‘Fear not, Macbeth; no man that’s born of woman shall e’er have power upon thee’”. He does not quote the witches’ actual words, and changes it to a meaning in terms of power.

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The distance in their relationship is clearly visible. We can see this in the line “I would attend his leisure for a few words” (She has to ask for permission to meet her own husband) ; “why do you keep alone” In this scene, the audience understands how all of the other characters view Macbeth, which develops their understanding of his character. The audience also learns of his promotion to the Thane of Cawdor, which improves their view of Macbeth’s stature. Devices used In an example of dramatic irony, Isabel believes that Madame Merle is innocently introducing Isabel to her friend Osmond when, in reality—as readers know—she is introducing Isabel to Osmond in the hopes that they will be married. The irony is most apparent when Madame Merle slips up by commending Isabel on how “charming” she was in front of Osmond and Isabel responds in a confused and defensive manner, not knowing that she was expected to be so:

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Note: Don’t confuse ironic overstatements with hyperbole , the rhetorical device of exaggeration. If a character says "I'm so tired, I could sleep for a million years,” and they are genuinely tired, that isn’t ironic — just exaggerated. Highlighting a fallacy The lady was 40 yrs old, talkative and not attractive. She loved the writing of the narrator. She had read of his books and wrote a letter to congratulate him on his work. She manipulates him by requesting to chat with him and a little lunch at Foyot- an expensive restaurant that he cannot afford to dine at. She gets what she wants but the poor author has to pay the price.She was in fact a woman of a charming age. But she is not one that excites a sudden and overwhelming passion at first sight. She is an extremely food loving and, ravenous woman. She doesn’t even think a bit about the costs of the expensive dishes, that narrator has to pay for the lunch. Her, “I never eat more than one thing” is her signature dialogue. This woman is smart, experienced, selfish and hardly bothered about the expense.She has her own way and just thinks about herself: her interests, her longings etc. She doesn’t consider whether the poor author can afford such expensive dishes. Theme of the Story

Irony - Smart English Notes Summary, Characters, Themes And Irony - Smart English Notes

A falcon…mousing owl hawked at and killed → falcons are superior birds of prey (Duncan is at a higher position in the hierarchical structure of their society) and is surprisingly killed by a mousing owl, generally considered to be docile and harmless (like Macbeth’s character in the mind of Duncan)

Broadly speaking, verbal irony works by either understating or overstating the gravity of the situation. I have almost forgot the taste of fears” → compares fear to an edible object, as if it is something experienced by tasting. Shows his evolution as a character from a guilty, frightened perpetrator to a murderous tyrant. Slaves of drink…sleep → completely drunk and asleep; not in frame of mind to think, let alone murder Before the narrator has officially introduced readers to Osmond or Pansy, Madame Merle goes to visit them at Osmond’s villa in Florence. In an example of foreshadowing, Madame Merle tells Pansy that she will have a new mother one day, as seen in the following passage: