Filonik, Jakub (2013). "Athenian impiety trials: a reappraisal". Dike. 16: 46–51. doi: 10.13130/1128-8221/4290. ISSN 1128-8221. Cretan dialect 'Eleuthia' would connect Eileithyia (or perhaps the goddess " Eleutheria") to Eleusis". Willets, p. 222. Stephen R. Berlant (2005). "The entheomycological origin of Egyptian crowns and the esoteric underpinnings of Egyptian religion". J Ethnopharmacol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 102 (2): 275–88. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.028. PMID 16199133. S2CID 19297225.

Another theory is that the psychoactive agent in kykeon is DMT, which occurs in many wild plants of the Mediterranean, including Phalaris and/or Acacia. [90] To be active orally (like in ayahuasca) it must be combined with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor such as Syrian rue ( Peganum harmala), which grows throughout the Mediterranean. According to George Mylonas, the lesser mysteries were held "as a rule once a year in the early spring in the month of flowers, the Anthesterion," while "the Greater Mysteries were held once a year and every fourth year they were celebrated with special splendor in what was known as the penteteris. [41] Kerényi concurs with this assessment: "The Lesser Mysteries were held at Agrai in the month of Anthesterion, our February... The initiates were not even admitted to the epopteia [Greater Mysteries] in the same year, but only in September of the following year." [42] This cycle continued for about two millennia. In the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, King Celeus is said to have been one of the first people to learn the secret rites and mysteries of her cult. He was also one of her original priests, along with Diocles, Eumolpos, Polyxeinus, and Triptolemus, Celeus' son, who had supposedly learned agriculture from Demeter. [43]Evans, Nancy (2002-01-01). "Sanctuaries, Sacrifices, and the Eleusinian Mysteries". Numen. 49 (3): 227–254. doi: 10.1163/156852702320263927. ISSN 1568-5276. Clinton, Kevin (2019). "Journeys to the Eleusinian Mysteria (with an Appendix on the Procession at the Andanian Mysteria)". In Friese, W.; Handberg, S.; Kristensen, T.M. (eds.). Ascending and Descending the Acropolis. Movement in Athenian Religion. Athens. pp.161–177. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) Dadouchousa Priestess – a female priestess who assisted the Dadouchos, an office inherited within the Phileidae or Eumolpidae families. [46] Following this section of the Mysteries was an all-night feast ( Pannychis) [59] accompanied by dancing and merriment. This portion of the festivities was open to the public. [60] The dances took place in the Rharian Field, rumored to be the first spot where grain grew. A bull sacrifice also took place late that night or early the next morning. That day (22nd Boedromion), the initiates honoured the dead by pouring libations from special vessels. Timeline of Art History: Italian Peninsula, 1000 BC – 1 AD". The Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved July 26, 2007.

deiknumena (things shown), displayed sacred objects, in which the hierophant played an essential roleInside the Telesterion [ edit ] Initiation to Eleusinian Mysteries. c. 100–50 BC; relief, Louvre museum (Paris, France) The Ninnion Tablet, found in the same museum, depicts Demeter, followed by Persephone and Iacchus, and then the procession of initiates. Then, Demeter is sitting on the kiste inside the Telesterion, with Persephone holding a torch and introducing the initiates. The initiates each hold a bacchoi. The second row of initiates were led by Iakchos, a priest who held torches for the ceremonies. He is standing near the omphalos while an unknown female (probably a priestess of Demeter) sat nearby on the kiste, holding a scepter and a vessel filled with kykeon. Pannychis is also represented. Cosmopoulos, Michael (2015). Bronze Age Eleusis and the Origins of the Eleusinian Mysteries. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-36823-7. Muraresku, Brian C. The Immortality Key: The Secret History of the Religion with No Name. Macmillan, 2020. ISBN 978-1250207142 Cosmopoulos, M. B. (ed.), Greek mysteries. The archaeology and ritual of ancient Greek secret cults, Psychology Press: Londres-Nueva York, 2003.